由 home-healthhaven 
In 2012, about 22,000 women are expected to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and around 15,000 will die from it, according to the American Cancer Society. Although ovarian cancer is only the ninth most common cancer among women, it is the fifth leading cause of death. One reason for the high mortality rate is that ovarian cancer often develops in older women, with about half of the cases being diagnosed in women over 60. Fortunately, improved early detection and treatments have led to a gradual decline in ovarian cancer cases over the past 20 years.
Detecting ovarian cancer early can make all the difference between a quick recovery and a prolonged battle. So, what are the symptoms, how often should women get tested, and what risk factors increase the chances of developing ovarian cancer? Here are some important facts every woman should know.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer:
Ovarian cancer starts in the ovaries, which are the organs that produce eggs and the hormones progesterone and estrogen. Early signs of ovarian cancer include pelvic or abdominal pain, constant pressure or bloating in the stomach, frequent urination, and feeling full quickly during meals. While these symptoms are common, they can also be caused by other non-cancerous conditions. If these symptoms persist for more than a few weeks, it’s important to see a doctor.
Most ovarian cancer cases involve ovarian epithelial carcinomas, which are tumors developing from cancerous cells on the ovaries’ surface. Not all epithelial tumors are cancerous; some are called low malignant potential (LMP) tumors and grow more slowly. These LMP tumors are less dangerous than other types of ovarian cancer.
Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer:
While the exact cause of ovarian cancer isn’t known, several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease:
1. Family History: Women with a family history of ovarian, breast, or colon cancer are at higher risk, especially if close family members have had these cancers. Inherited genes like BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are linked to an increased risk. Women with a strong family history of cancer should discuss this with their doctor.
2. Age: Women over 60 have the highest risk, especially after menopause. Postmenopausal hormone therapy, especially with estrogen alone, may increase the risk if used for five to ten years. However, it’s unclear whether combining estrogen and progesterone also increases the risk.
3. Obesity: Obese women have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer and a higher mortality rate compared to women with a healthy weight. The risk is highest among the most obese women.
Screening for Ovarian Cancer:
Two primary methods exist for screening ovarian cancer before symptoms appear: a blood test for elevated CA-125 protein levels and an ultrasound of the ovaries. Unfortunately, these methods haven’t been effective in saving the lives of women at average risk. Therefore, these screenings are generally reserved for women at high risk.
Imaging tests like CT scans or ultrasounds can identify masses on the ovaries but can’t determine if they are cancerous. If cancer is suspected, surgery to remove the mass may be necessary, followed by a biopsy to determine if it is cancerous.
Understanding ovarian cancer’s symptoms, risk factors, and screening options is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. If you experience persistent symptoms or have factors that increase your risk, consult your doctor promptly.